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1 Samuel 21:13

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← 1 Samuel 21:12	1 Samuel 21:13 (KJV)	1 Samuel 21:14 →
And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.	And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.	Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore [then] have ye brought him to me?

Verse Text

KJV with Strong's Numbers

And he changed^H8138 his behaviour^H2940 before^H5869 them, and feigned himself mad^H1984 in their hands^H3027, and scrabbled^H8427 on the doors^H1817 of the gate^H8179, and let his spittle^H7388 fall down^H3381 upon his beard^H2206.

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Original Hebrew

וַיָּשֶׂם דָּוִד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה בִּלְבָבֹו וַיִּרָא מְאֹד מִפְּנֵי אָכִישׁ מֶלֶךְ־גַּת׃

Hebrew	Transliteration	Strong's	Morphology	Gloss
וַ/יָּ֧שֶׂם	va/i.Ya.sem	H7760	HC/Vqw3ms	and/ he put
דָּוִ֛ד	da.Vid	H1732	HNp	David
אֶת	'et-	H853	HTo	(obj.)
הַ/דְּבָרִ֥ים	ha./de.va.Rim	H1697	HTd/Ncmpa	the/ words
הָ/אֵ֖לֶּה	ha./'E.leh	H428	HTd/Pdxcp	(the)/ these
בִּ/לְבָב֑/וֹ	bi/l.va.V/o	H3824	HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms	in/ heart/ his
וַ/יִּרָ֣א	va/i.yi.Ra'	H3372	HC/Vqw3ms	and/ he was afraid
מְאֹ֔ד	me.'Od	H3966	HD	exceedingly
מִ/פְּנֵ֖י	mi./pe.Nei	H6440	HR/Ncbpc	of/ (the face of)
אָכִ֥ישׁ	'a.Khish	H397	HNp	Achish
מֶֽלֶךְ	Me.lekh-	H4428	HNcmsc	(the) king of
גַּֽת	Gat	H1661	HNp	Gath

Source: Westminster Leningrad Codex (MorphHB), TAHOT (Tyndale House)

Strong's References

• H1817 — דֶּלֶת (deleth, deh'-leth): from דָּלָה; something swinging, i.e. the valve of adoor; door (two-leaved), gate, leaf, lid. (Psalm 141:3).
• H1984 — הָלַל (hâlal, haw-lal'): a primitive root; to be clear (orig. of sound, but usually of color); to shine; hence, to make ashow, to boast; and thus to be (clamorously) foolish; to rave; causatively, to celebrate; also to stultify; (make) boast (self), celebrate, commend, (deal, make), fool(-ish, -ly), glory, give (light), be (make, feign self) mad (against), give in marriage, (sing, be worthy of) praise, rage, renowned, shine.
• H2206 — זָקָן (zâqân, zaw-kawn'): from זָקֵן; the beard (as indicating age); beard.
• H2940 — טַעַם (ṭaʻam, tah'-am): from טָעַם; properly, a taste, i.e. (figuratively) perception; by implication, intelligence; transitively, a mandate; advice, behaviour, decree, discretion, judgment, reason, taste, understanding.
• H3027 — יָד (yâd, yawd): a primitive word; in distinction from כַּף, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate and remote (as follows); a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),; ([phrase] be) able, [idiom] about, [phrase] armholes, at, axletree, because of, beside, border, [idiom] bounty, [phrase] broad, (broken-) handed, [idiom] by, charge, coast, [phrase] consecrate, [phrase] creditor, custody, debt, dominion, [idiom] enough, [phrase] fellowship, force, [idiom] from, hand(-staves, -y work), [idiom] he, himself, [idiom] in, labour, [phrase] large, ledge, (left-) handed, means, [idiom] mine, ministry, near, [idiom] of, [idiom] order, ordinance, [idiom] our, parts, pain, power, [idiom] presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay, draw with strength, stroke, [phrase] swear, terror, [idiom] thee, [idiom] by them, [idiom] themselves, [idiom] thine own, [idiom] thou, through, [idiom] throwing, [phrase] thumb, times, [idiom] to, [idiom] under, [idiom] us, [idiom] wait on, (way-) side, where, [phrase] wide, [idiom] with (him, me, you), work, [phrase] yield, [idiom] yourselves.
• H3381 — יָרַד (yârad, yaw-rad'): a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications); [idiom] abundantly, bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down, fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, [idiom] indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to, let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.
• H5869 — עַיִן (ʻayin, ah'-yin): probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape); affliction, outward appearance, [phrase] before, [phrase] think best, colour, conceit, [phrase] be content, countenance, [phrase] displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, [phrase] favour, fountain, furrow (from the margin), [idiom] him, [phrase] humble, knowledge, look, ([phrase] well), [idiom] me, open(-ly), [phrase] (not) please, presence, [phrase] regard, resemblance, sight, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them, [phrase] think, [idiom] us, well, [idiom] you(-rselves).
• H7388 — רִיר (rîyr, reer): from רוּר; saliva; by resemblance, broth; spittle, white (of an egg).
• H8138 — שָׁנָה (shânâh, shaw-naw'): a primitive root; to fold, i.e. duplicate (literally or figuratively); by implication, to transmute (transitive or intransitive); do (speak, strike) again, alter, double, (be given to) change, disguise, (be) diverse, pervert, prefer, repeat, return, do the second time.
• H8179 — שַׁעַר (shaʻar, shah'-ar): from שָׁעַר in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or gate; city, door, gate, port ([idiom] -er).
• H8427 — תָּוָה (tâvâh, taw-vaw'): a primitive root; to mark out, i.e. (primitive) scratch or (definite) imprint; scrabble, set (a mark).

The following Strong's numbers are referenced in the Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) text but were not explicitly tagged in the KJV source:

• H397 — אֲכִישׁ (ʼĂkîysh, aw-keesh'): of uncertain derivation; Akish, a Philistine king; Achish.
• H428 — אֵלֶּה (ʼêl-leh, ale'-leh): prolonged from אֵל; these or those; an-(the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m).
• H853 — אֵת (ʼêth, ayth): apparent contracted from אוֹת in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).
• H1661 — גַּת (Gath, gath): the same as גַּת; Gath, a Philistine city; Gath.
• H1697 — דָּבָר (dâbâr, daw-baw'): from דָבַר; a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause; act, advice, affair, answer, [idiom] any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case, cause, certain rate, [phrase] chronicles, commandment, [idiom] commune(-ication), [phrase] concern(-ing), [phrase] confer, counsel, [phrase] dearth, decree, deed, [idiom] disease, due, duty, effect, [phrase] eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-) ness, [phrase] glory, [phrase] harm, hurt, [phrase] iniquity, [phrase] judgment, language, [phrase] lying, manner, matter, message, (no) thing, oracle, [idiom] ought, [idiom] parts, [phrase] pertaining, [phrase] please, portion, [phrase] power, promise, provision, purpose, question, rate, reason, report, request, [idiom] (as hast) said, sake, saying, sentence, [phrase] sign, [phrase] so, some (uncleanness), somewhat to say, [phrase] song, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, task, [phrase] that, [idiom] there done, thing (concerning), thought, [phrase] thus, tidings, what(-soever), [phrase] wherewith, which, word, work.
• H1732 — דָּוִד (Dâvid, daw-veed'): rarely (fully); דָּוִיד; from the same as דּוֹד; loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse; David.
• H3372 — יָרֵא (yârêʼ, yaw-ray'): a primitive root; to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten; affright, be (make) afraid, dread(-ful), (put in) fear(-ful, -fully, -ing), (be had in) reverence(-end), [idiom] see, terrible (act, -ness, thing).
• H3824 — לֵבָב (lêbâb, lay-bawb'): from לָבַב; used also like לֵב; the heart (as the most interior organ); [phrase] bethink themselves, breast, comfortably, courage, ((faint), (tender-) heart(-ed), midst, mind, [idiom] unawares, understanding.
• H3966 — מְאֹד (mᵉʼôd, meh-ode'): from the same as אוּד; properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated); diligently, especially, exceeding(-ly), far, fast, good, great(-ly), [idiom] louder and louder, might(-ily, -y), (so) much, quickly, (so) sore, utterly, very ([phrase] much, sore), well.
• H4428 — מֶלֶךְ (melek, meh'-lek): from מָלַךְ; a king; king, royal.
• H6440 — פָּנִים (pânîym, paw-neem'): plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פָּנֶה; from פָּנָה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.
• H7760 — שׂוּם (sûwm, soom): or שִׂים; a primitive root; to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically); [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring, call (a name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider, convey, determine, [phrase] disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out), mark, [phrase] name, [idiom] on, ordain, order, [phrase] paint, place, preserve, purpose, put (on), [phrase] regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set (on, up), shew, [phrase] stedfastly, take, [idiom] tell, [phrase] tread down, (over-)turn, [idiom] wholly, work.

Cross References

Verse Cross-References (Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, Enhanced)

• changed — Psalms 34:1, Proverbs 29:25, Ecclesiastes 7:7

Reciprocal references (1): Genesis 27:24

Related Topics

• Thompson Chain: BEARD, SIMPLICITY-DUPLICITY
• Torrey’s: BEARD, THE
• Nave’s: ACHISH, BEARD, DAVID, DECEPTION, DISSEMBLING, FALSEHOOD, GATH, INSANITY, MALINGERING, PHILISTINES

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Bible › 1 Samuel › 1 Samuel 21 › Verse 13